Raspberry Pi にI2C接続された環境センサ（BME280やBH1750）の計測値を、Python paho-mqtt クライアントを使って Home Assitant 内の MQTT ブローカーへパブリッシュ、ダッシュボードで表示できるようにします。
paho MQTT Python Clientの導入
今回MQTTクライアントをセットアップする、Raspberry Pi Model 1BのシステムとPythonの概要は、次の通り。
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~ $ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l) BogoMIPS : 797.66 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xb76 CPU revision : 7 Hardware : BCM2835 Revision : 000e Serial : 00000000576d155e Model : Raspberry Pi Model B Rev 2 ~ $ lsb_release -a Distributor ID: Raspbian Description: Raspbian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) Release: 11 Codename: bullseye ~ $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 15G 3.8G 11G 27% / devtmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /dev tmpfs 215M 4.0K 215M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 86M 1.5M 85M 2% /run tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock /dev/mmcblk0p1 253M 50M 203M 20% /boot tmpfs 43M 0 43M 0% /run/user/1000 ~ $ free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 429Mi 66Mi 23Mi 1.0Mi 339Mi 307Mi Swap: 0B 0B 0B ~ $ python --version Python 3.9.2 ~ $ python2 --version -bash: python2: command not found |
まず、pipパッケージマネージャで、paho-mqttパッケージをインストールします。
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~ $ pip3 install paho-mqtt Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple Collecting paho-mqtt Downloading https://www.piwheels.org/simple/paho-mqtt/paho_mqtt-1.6.1-py3-none-any.whl (75 kB) |████████████████████████████████| 75 kB 45 kB/s Installing collected packages: paho-mqtt Successfully installed paho-mqtt-1.6.1 |
ワンライナー一発パブリッシュをテスト
上述のプロジェクトページ下方に記載されている様々な実行方法のうち、 one-shot manner を謳うPublishモジュールを利用してみましょう。
前回構築した、Home Assistant MQTTブローカーの情報をセットし、例に沿って publish.multiple させます。
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#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import paho.mqtt.publish as publish broker = '192.168.51.8' port = 1883 username = 'mqtt-user' password = 'mqtt' # default: qos=0, retain=false pref = "home/piaware2/" msgs = [ {'topic':pref+"Lux1", 'payload':"111"}, (pref+"Lux2", "222")] publish.multiple(msgs, hostname=broker, port=port, auth={'username':username, 'password':password}) |
Home Assistant MQTTブローカー側で、トピックのリッスン機能でメッセージを受信できました。
図1.テストメッセージの受信
2組の辞書型計測値をまとめてパブリッシュ
このRaspberry Piに繋いでいるのは、I2Cアドレス違いにした2組のBME280温湿度気圧センサ、BH1750照度センサペアです。
当時の記事にあるように、センサ計測からThingSpeak送信までを担うPythonスクリプトでは、計測値を以下の辞書型データに収めるようにしてありました。
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data1 = {'Temp':'0', 'Humid':'0', 'PressRaw':'0', 'PressZero':'0', 'Lux':'0'} data2 = {'Temp':'0', 'Humid':'0', 'PressRaw':'0', 'PressZero':'0', 'Lux':'0'} |
tmpfs に上書き出力している実行結果は、このようになっています。
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~ $ cat /tmp/ssr_upload -- Data -- DataSet1 : {"Temp": 29.1849609375, "Humid": 70.92466067498252, "PressRaw": 1009.4094628725757, "PressZero": 1017.9685485841861, "Lux": 1059.1666666666667} DataSet2 : {"Temp": 28.598046875, "Humid": 100, "PressRaw": 1010.3089286319575, "PressZero": 1018.8923038401665, "Lux": 1046.6666666666667} CPU Temp = 59.99 deg C Illumi1 = 1059.17 lux Illumi2 = 1046.67 lux Temp1 = 29.18 deg C Temp2 = 28.60 deg C Humidity1 = 70.92 % Humidity2 = 100.00 % Pressure1 = 1009.41 hPa Pressure2 = 1010.31 hPa PressureZ1 = 1017.97 hPa PressureZ2 = 1018.89 hPa -- ThingSpeak -- <Response [200]> |
今回はこの2個の辞書型データを1つにまとめ、JSON型へ変換したものをパブリッシュすれば良いはず。
ダミー計測値データを貼り付けて、次のようなPythonスクリプトを組んでみました。既存のスクリプトへ織り込みやすいよう、関数化しています。
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#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import json import paho.mqtt.publish as publish def pubmqtt(dts): broker = '192.168.51.8' port = 1883 username = 'mqtt-user' password = 'mqtt' # default: qos=0, retain=false topic = "home/piaware2/sensors" msgs = [{'topic': topic, 'payload': json.dumps(dts)}] try: publish.multiple(msgs, hostname=broker, port=port, auth={'username':username, 'password':password}) except Exception as e: print ('MQTT Publish Failed:') print (e) else: print ('MQTT Published Properly') ## MAIN ## data1 = {"Temp": 29.1849609375, "Humid": 70.92466067498252, "PressRaw": 1009.4094628725757, "PressZero": 1017.9685485841861, "Lux": 1059.1666666666667} data2 = {"Temp": 28.598046875, "Humid": 100, "PressRaw": 1010.3089286319575, "PressZero": 1018.8923038401665, "Lux": 1046.6666666666667} #Joint Dict Datas Dim.2x5 datas = [data1, data2] #json.dumps(datas) pubmqtt(datas) |
Home Assistant側では、JSONオブジェクトの塊を受信することができました。
図2.ダミー計測値メッセージの受信
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[ { "Temp": 29.40390625, "Humid": 69.92781488628356, "PressRaw": 1007.7369980862717, "PressZero": 1016.2757188855574, "Lux": 686.6666666666667 }, { "Temp": 28.81328125, "Humid": 99.00228393235851, "PressRaw": 1008.6549681486046, "PressZero": 1017.2181835810061, "Lux": 679.1666666666667 } ] |
既存のスクリプトへの織り込み
これを既存のスクリプトへ組み込んだ全体像は、以下の通りです。
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#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import json, requests, time, smbus, board from adafruit_bme280 import basic as adafruit_bme280 from datetime import datetime as dt import paho.mqtt.publish as publish ## DEVICE KEY ts_key = "################" ## ALTITUDE altitude = 75 data1 = {'Temp':'0', 'Humid':'0', 'PressRaw':'0', 'PressZero':'0', 'Lux':'0'} data2 = {'Temp':'0', 'Humid':'0', 'PressRaw':'0', 'PressZero':'0', 'Lux':'0'} def setDatum(sen, dat): dat['Temp'] = sen.temperature dat['Humid'] = sen.relative_humidity dat['PressRaw'] = sen.pressure if dat['Temp'] != 0 and dat['PressRaw'] != 0: dat['PressZero'] = dat['PressRaw'] + (dat['PressRaw'] * 9.81 * altitude) / (287 * (273.15 + dat['Temp'])) else: dat['PressZero'] = 0 def get_CPUtemp(): f = open("/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp","r") tmp = 0 for t in f: tmp = t[:2]+"."+t[2:5] f.close() return float(tmp) def get_Lux(addr): bus = smbus.SMBus(1) lux = bus.read_i2c_block_data(addr,0x10) return (lux[0]*256+lux[1])/1.2 class ThingSpeak: def __init__(self,apiKey): self.apiKey = apiKey def regist(self): request = "field1=" + str(round(data1['Temp'],2)) + \ "&field2=" + str(round(data2['Temp'],2)) + \ "&field3=" + str(round(data1['Humid'],2)) + \ "&field4=" + str(round(data2['Humid'],2)) + \ "&field5=" + str(round(data1['PressZero'],2)) + \ "&field6=" + str(round(data2['PressZero'],2)) + \ "&field7=" + str(round(data1['Lux'],2)) + \ "&field8=" + str(round(data2['Lux'],2)) # "&field8=" + str(round(cputemp,2)) url = "https://api.thingspeak.com/update?key=" + self.apiKey headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"} res = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=request) print (res) return res def pubmqtt(dts): broker = '192.168.51.8' port = 1883 username = 'mqtt-user' password = 'mqtt' # default: qos=0, retain=false topic = "home/piaware2/sensors" msgs = [{'topic': topic, 'payload': json.dumps(dts)}] try: publish.multiple(msgs, hostname=broker, port=port, auth={'username':username, 'password':password}) except Exception as e: print ('MQTT Publish Failed:') print (e) else: print ('MQTT Published Properly') ## MAIN ## #BME280 i2c = board.I2C() try: sensor1 = adafruit_bme280.Adafruit_BME280_I2C(i2c, address=0x76) setDatum(sensor1, data1) except: print ("BME280#1 Failure") data1['Temp'] = data1['Humid'] = data1['PressRaw'] = data1['PressZero'] = 0 time.sleep(1) try: sensor2 = adafruit_bme280.Adafruit_BME280_I2C(i2c, address=0x77) setDatum(sensor2, data2) except: print ("BME280#2 Failure") data2['Temp'] = data2['Humid'] = data2['PressRaw'] = data2['PressZero'] = 0 #BH1750 time.sleep(1) try: data1['Lux'] = get_Lux(addr=0x23) except: print ("BH1750#1 Failure") data1['Lux'] = 0 time.sleep(1) try: data2['Lux'] = get_Lux(addr=0x5c) except: print ("BH1750#2 Failure") data2['Lux'] = 0 #CPU_TEMP cputemp = get_CPUtemp() print (dt.now().strftime('[%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S]')) print ('-- Data --') #print ('DataSet1 : ' + json.dumps(data1)) #print ('DataSet2 : ' + json.dumps(data2)) print ('CPU Temp = {0:0.2f} deg C'.format(cputemp)) print ('Illumi1 = {0:0.2f} lux'.format(data1['Lux'])) print ('Illumi2 = {0:0.2f} lux'.format(data2['Lux'])) print ('Temp1 = {0:0.2f} deg C'.format(data1['Temp'])) print ('Temp2 = {0:0.2f} deg C'.format(data2['Temp'])) print ('Humidity1 = {0:0.2f} %'.format(data1['Humid'])) print ('Humidity2 = {0:0.2f} %'.format(data2['Humid'])) print ('Pressure1 = {0:0.2f} hPa'.format(data1['PressRaw'])) print ('Pressure2 = {0:0.2f} hPa'.format(data2['PressRaw'])) print ('PressureZ1 = {0:0.2f} hPa'.format(data1['PressZero'])) print ('PressureZ2 = {0:0.2f} hPa'.format(data2['PressZero'])) print ('-- ThingSpeak --') thingDevice = ThingSpeak(ts_key) thingDevice.regist() print ('-- MQTT --') #MQTT datas = [data1, data2] pubmqtt(datas) print ('Process End') |
実行結果を確認。
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~ $ cat /tmp/ssr_upload [2024/02/28 16:40:19] -- Data -- CPU Temp = 55.69 deg C Illumi1 = 93.33 lux Illumi2 = 94.17 lux Temp1 = 24.94 deg C Temp2 = 24.24 deg C Humidity1 = 64.50 % Humidity2 = 86.34 % Pressure1 = 1007.52 hPa Pressure2 = 1008.39 hPa PressureZ1 = 1016.19 hPa PressureZ2 = 1017.08 hPa -- ThingSpeak -- <Response [200]> -- MQTT -- MQTT Published Properly Process End |
これで、Python paho MQTT Clientによるパブリッシュは実現できたので、次ページではHome Assistant側の受信データ処理へ進みます。
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